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Other scholars have attributed this difference to individualism and collectivism, claiming that people in collectivist cultures are less likely to have self-serving biases (Kashima & Triandis, 1986).
Some cross-cultural researchers have argued that in collectivist cultures such as those found in East Asia, social harmony, conformity, moral obligation, and family interdepen- dence are emphasized over individuality and independence.
By differentiating autonomy from independence, SDT theorists were able to show that even peoples from collectivist cultures live more flourishing lives if their need for autonomy is fulfilled.
First, they argued that whereas members of all cultures find autonomy to be satisfying, those from collectivist cultures find the fulfillment of relatedness to be even more satisfying (Sheldon, Elliot, Kim, & Kasser, 2001).
Second, they showed that while a controlling climate was found to be detrimental for all cultures, this was less detrimental to those from collectivist cultures (Deci et al.
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